String theory.
String theory is a theoretical framework of five different theories, I, IIA, IIB, SO (32), E8XE8
String. Tiny filament that depending on its vibration forms each of the elementary particles that we know, all the elements of reality from the same object. In the standard model the particles would be represented by open strings while the graviton would be represented by a closed string. Two open strings can be combined to give rise to a single string or divided to give rise to two, this explains the interaction of the particles that we know.
An open string could be folded so that a closed string is formed, this is how matter emits gravitons, how it creates gravitational fields, until now no experiment has been able to detect the strings, it is thought that to find one of them one would have to search the universe primitive, where the energy was so high that it could manifest.
Extra dimensions. If we vibrate the strings in the 3 dimensions of space, particles will start to emerge from these vibrations and as these particles interact with gravity, but, there is a problem, gravity at the quantum level always results in a disaster, we need more dimensions, for all string theory we require 9 dimensions we call this compactification, if we look at the elements that surround us each of these has a dimensional space, the top of the soft drink, the tip of the pen, and a small being can move on that surface, let’s imagine an ant on a branch, it can move without problem, that is, the dimensions increase as the scale becomes microscopic.
In these compact dimensions, not only do the strings but also the branes, the limits of the open strings, but the branes not only limit each string, they also fill the space; the different string theories propose the existence of branes of different dimensions, in addition these branes would be able to intersect with other branes which would give more freedom to the strings.
The strings attached to the intersecting branes obtain new properties, a string attached to two branes can receive color charge and electric charge, so the string behaves like a quark, this leads us to the idea that electrons, neutrinos, photons, all the particles of our universe could be ropes anchored with different branes.
The structure of the branes and the way in which their space is compacted will affect how the strings vibrate, in their mass, the number of existing particles or the force of interaction, compactification helps to determine what the laws of our universe, but there is no unique way to compact six dimensions, the exact figure is not yet known but each one is valid generating its own laws, we call this the landscape, for some scientists it becomes a curse because the theory should say What is our compactification and what are the laws that govern our universe, while for others this overwhelming number of quantifications gives them the idea that there is something fundamental behind, in the same way that astrophysics explains that there are different ways of building a system planetary, string theory tells us that there are also several ways to build a universe and that we are one, with a concrete quantification, in the middle of other completely different universes.
